LETTER OF INDEMNITY AND “RETLA” CLAUSE ON LOADING STEEL CARGOES
LETTER OF INDEMNITY AND “RETLA” CLAUSE ON LOADING STEEL CARGOES Before the enactment of law 8.630 / 93 in Brazil, the Maritime Agencies hired directly with the carrier whereas the sale term was "full liner" or "Liner in" and being appointed as responsible for carrying out the shipment of goods on board vessels, usually ships "Tramp" [1]. So were called Stevedoring Entity. It was known as golden age of Maritimes Agencies, once they could act as agents of the ship-owner, Charterer, Carrier, as well as stevedoring Entity. After the advent of Law 8.630 / 93 which appeared in the concession and port leasing arrangements, the agencies lost their influence and predominance. Then emerging figure of the Port Operator, which as a rule is the lessee of the public ports, and must to comply with all requirements and goals imposed by the Port Authorities, Docks companies(Companhia DOCAS) known as Landlord system. However maritime agencies have...